![]() ![]() This has also led to the partition of Hungary between the Turks and the Hapsburgs. In 1529 the Ottomans had laid siege to Vienna but had been beaten back. The Hapsburg Empire and the Ottomans had long contested central Europe's control and for the control of Hungary. This was a large empire that was centered on the German-speaking lands of modern Austria and its capital was Vienna. By the 1680s, the main defense against the Ottomans was the Hapsburg Empire. Successive Sultans had launched repeated attacks or jihads on Europe's Christian kingdoms for many centuries. They had captured Byzantium in 1453 and ended the Byzantine Empire. In the seventeenth century, the Ottomans ruled a vast empire that encompassed the Balkans, modern-day Turkey, and much of the Middle East. It focuses on the main reasons why the great Ottoman Empire failed to seize Vienna. This article discusses the prelude to the siege and describes the actual events of 1683. The defeat of the Turkish army outside the gates of Vienna is widely seen as the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's long decline and played a significant part in the rise of Europe. It is widely accepted that if the Muslim Empire had been successful at the Battle or Siege of Vienna in 1683, it could have dominated Europe and changed not only European history but also world history. The Ottoman Sultan ruled an Empire from Persia to Central Europe. In the early modern period in Europe, Ottoman Turkey was arguably the greatest military and political power. Ottoman and Polish cavalry clashing outside Vienna
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